2月13日，世界卫生组织给这次疫情正式命名。

“We now have a name for the 2019nCoV disease: COVID-19

“我们现在为2019nCoV 疾病定名为：COVID-19”

I'll spell it: C-O-V-I-D hyphen one nine, COVID-19”

“其字母拼写为：C-O-V-I-D 连字符 1, 9，COVID-19。”

其中：

1）CO 指 corona（冠状）

2）VI 指 virus（病毒）

3）D 指 disease（疾病），

4）虽然没有解释数字19的含义，但应该表示爆发的时间——2019年。

另外，COVID-19的名字很好发音，COVID 可以念成 /kəʊvɪd/，19可以念 nineteen。

需要注意的是，COVID-19的是指的这次新型冠状病毒的疫情，而不是指的新型冠状病毒。除了这些还有一些常用词汇我们需要掌握，不一定要会写，但是在阅读中看到了要能看懂。

以下130条新型冠状病毒肺炎疫情相关词汇英文表达，按照按疫病名称，传染防控，政策举措，机构、职业群体和场所名称，病理症状，器具名称，其他医学名词进行分类，由中国翻译研究院翻译审定。

01. 疫病名称

1. 冠状病毒 coronavirus

2. 2019新型冠状病毒 2019 novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV)【这是之前的命名，现在已经改为COVID-19】

3. 肺炎 pneumonia

4. 病毒性肺炎 viral pneumonia

5. 不明原因肺炎 pneumonia of unknown etiology/cause

6. 严重急性呼吸综合征（非典） severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS)

7. 急性呼吸窘迫综合征 acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS)

8. 严重急性呼吸道感染 severe acute respiratory infection (SARI)

9. 中东呼吸综合征 Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS)

10. 呼吸道疾病（呼吸系统疾病） respiratory diseases

02. 传染防控

11. 国际关注的突发公共卫生事件 Public Health Emergency of International Concern (PHEIC)

12. 乙类传染病 Category B infectious diseases

13. 人传人 person-to-person/human-to-human transmission

14. 行走的传染源 mobile source of infection

15. 潜伏期 incubation/latent period

16. 无症状的潜伏期 silent/asymptomatic incubation period

17. 特定传染病 specific infectious disease

18. 病毒携带者 virus carrier

19. 接触传播 contact transmission

20. 超级传播者 super spreader

21. 飞沫传播 droplet transmission

22. 无症状携带者 asymptomatic carrier

23. 病毒的蔓延 spread of a virus

24. 隐性感染 covert/silent/inapparent/subclinical infection

25. 外源性感染 exogenous infection

26. 密切接触者 close contact

27. 接触者追踪 contact tracing

28. 传染途径 route of transmission

29. 传播方式 mode of transmission

30. 宿主 host

31. 易感人群 susceptible/vulnerable population

32. 医院/院内感染 nosocomial infection; hospital-acquired infection

33. 职业暴露 occupational exposure

34. 确诊病例 confirmed case

35. 疑似病例 suspected case

36. 散在病例 sporadic case

37. 疫情 epidemic; outbreak

38. 二代病例 second-generation case

39. 传染性 transmissibility; infectivity

40. 致病性 pathogenicity

41. 输入性病例 imported case

42. 疫区 affected area

43. 发病 morbidity

44. 发热病人 patients with fever; febrile patients; fever patients

45. 重症 severe case

46. 发病率 incidence rate

47. 死亡率 mortality rate

48. 病死率（致死率） fatality/mortality/death rate

49. 治愈率 recovery rate

50. 戴口罩 to wear a mask

51. 监测体温 to monitor body temperature

52. 体温检测 to check body temperature

53. 早发现、早隔离 early detection and early isolation

54. 隔离治疗 to receive treatment in isolation

55. 自我隔离 to quarantine yourself in your home; self-monitored quarantine

56. 疫苗 vaccine

57. 核酸检测 nucleic acid testing (NAT)

58. 血清诊断 serodiagnosis

59. 自觉接受医学观察 to present yourself to medical observation

60. 解除医学观察 to be discharged from medical observation

61. 诊断、治疗、追踪和筛查 diagnosis, treatment, tracing and screening

62. 预防措施 preventive measure

63. 临床数据 clinical data

64. 疫情防控 epidemic prevention and control

65. 勤洗手/仔细洗手 to wash your hands often/carefully

66. 消毒 disinfection

03. 政策举措

67. 突发公共卫生事件 public health emergency

68. 启动重大突发公共卫生事件一级响应 to activate first-level public health emergency response

69. 掌握情况，不漏一人 to have full knowledge of the situation (of the community) and leave no one unchecked

70. 哄抬价格 price gouging

71. 封城 A city is on lockdown./A city goes into lockdown.

72.  捂货惜售 hoarding

73. 延长春节假期 to extend the Chinese New Year holiday

74. （公共场所）消毒、通风以及体温检测 disinfection, ventilation and body temperature monitoring (in public areas)

75. 火神山医院 Huoshenshan Hospital (in Wuhan)

76. 雷神山医院 Leishenshan Hospital (in Wuhan)

77. 囤积食物 to stock up on food

78.延迟开学 to postpone the reopening of schools

79. 瞒报 to underreport

80. 遏制疫情蔓延 to contain the outbreak

04. 机构、职业群体和场所名称

81. 检疫所 quarantine office

82. 中央应对新型冠状病毒感染肺炎疫情工作领导小组(中央应对疫情工作领导小组)  Leading Group of the CPC Central Committee for Novel Coronavirus Prevention and Control

83. 国家卫生健康委员会（国家卫健委） National Health Commission (NHS)

84. 中国疾病预防控制中心（中国疾控中心） Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention (China CDC)

85. 国家医疗保障局（国家医保局） National Healthcare Security Administration (NHSA)

86. 发热门诊 fever clinic

87. 一线医护人员 frontline health workers

88. 钟南山 Zhong Nanshan, a prominent Chinese expert in respiratory diseases (and a hero of the 2003 fight against SARS)

89. 定点医院 designated hospitals

90. 医疗机构 medical institution

91. 重症监护病房 intensive care unit (ICU)

92. 世卫组织 World Health Organization (WHO)

93. 药店 pharmacy; drugstore

05. 病理症状

94. 病理 pathology

95. 病原体 pathogen

96. 病毒变异 virus variation

97. 病毒突变 virus mutation

98. 临床表现 clinical picture

99. 上呼吸道感染 upper respiratory tract infection (URTI)

100. 低氧血症 hypoxemia; low blood oxygen

101. 纤维化 fibrosis

102. 肺脓肿 lung abscess

103. 双肺浸润性病灶 infiltration in both lungs

104. 发热 fever

105. 乏力 fatigue

106. 干咳 dry cough

107. 头疼 headache

108. 胸闷 chest distress; chest oppression

109. 心慌 palpitations

110. 恶心想吐 nausea

06. 器具名称

111. 医用外科口罩 surgical mask

112. N95口罩 N95 mask/respirator

113. 口罩 facemask; mask

114. 防护服 protective suit

115. 负压救护车 negative pressure ambulance

116. 一次性手套 disposable gloves

117. 护目镜 goggles

07. 合作抗疫

118. 打好新冠肺炎疫情防控全球阻击战

to fight an all-out global war against COVID-19

119. 打造人类卫生健康共同体

to build a global community of health

120. 各国应该联手加大宏观政策对冲力度。

Countries need to leverage and coordinate their macro policies to counteract the negative impact.

121. 减免关税、取消壁垒、畅通贸易

to cut tariffs, remove barriers, and facilitate the flow of trade

122. 健康丝绸之路

Silk Road of Health

123. 建立新冠肺炎疫情防控网上知识中心，向所有国家开放

to set up an online COVID-19 knowledge center that is open to all countries

124. 尽力阻止疫情跨境传播

to minimize cross-border spread

125. 开展国际联防联控

to make a collective response for control and treatment at the international level

126. 区域公共卫生应急联络机制

regional emergency liaison mechanisms

127. 全球公共卫生高级别会议

high-level meeting on international public health security

128. 全球公共卫生治理

global public health governance

129. 推广全面系统有效的防控指南

to promote control and treatment protocols that are comprehensive, systematic and effective

130. 有序安全的国际人员流动

orderly and safe flow of people between countries

131. 暂缓或减少留学人员等双向流动

to postpone or reduce the two-way flow of overseas students

部分词汇来源 中国翻译研究院

接着我们来看一下外媒相关报道，也顺便学一学地道的句型。

1. 什么是冠状病毒？

What is a coronavirus?

Coronaviruses are a large group of viruses that are common among animals.In rare cases, they are what scientists call zoonotic, meaning they can be transmitted (传播，动词)from animals to humans, according to the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.

冠状病毒是一大类常见于动物的病毒的总称。据美国疾病控制和预防中心称，在极少数情况下，科学家称之为“人畜共患疾病”，这意味着它们可以从动物传染给人类。

2. 冠状病毒症状

Coronavirus symptoms

The viruses can make people sick, usually with a mild to moderate upper respiratory tract(上呼吸道) illness, similar to a common cold.For those with a weakened immune system, the elderly and the very young, there's a chance the virus could cause a lower, and much more serious, respiratory tract illness like a pneumonia(肺炎)or bronchitis(支气管炎).There are a handful of human coronaviruses that are known to be deadly(致命的), such as Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS)and SARS (Severe acute respiratory syndrome).

通常表现为轻中度上呼吸道疾病，症状类似于普通感冒。对于免疫力较弱的老年人和儿童，病毒有可能导致更严重的下部呼吸道疾病，如肺炎或支气管炎。有些冠状病毒是致命的，如中东呼吸综合征（MERS）和SARS。

3. 传播途径

How does it spread？

Viruses can spread from human contact(接触) with animals.When it comes to human-to-human transmission(传播，名词) of the viruses, often it happens when someone comes into contact with an infected person's secretions(分泌物), such as droplets(小水滴，飞沫)in a cough.Depending on how virulent the virus is, a cough, sneeze or handshake could cause exposure(暴露，接触). The virus can also be transmitted by touching something an infected person has touched and then touching your mouth, nose or eyes.

病毒可通过人类与动物的接触传播。病毒在人与人之间传播时，通常发生在接触到感染者的分泌物时，例如咳嗽时的飞沫。根据病毒的毒力，咳嗽、打喷嚏或握手都可能导致暴露。这种病毒也可以通过触摸被感染者触摸过的东西，然后触摸嘴、鼻子或眼睛来传播。

4. 冠状病毒感染的治疗

Coronavirus treatment

There is no specific treatment, but research is underway. Most of the time, symptoms will go away on their own(自行消失) and experts advise seeking care early. If symptoms feel worse than a standard cold, see your doctor.Doctors can relieve(缓解) symptoms by prescribing(开处方)a pain or fever medication.

目前还没有具体的治疗方法，但研究仍在进行中。多数情况下症状会自行消失，但专家建议尽早寻求治疗。如果症状比标准感冒更严重，请看医生。医生可以通过开止痛药或退烧药来缓解症状。

5. 新型冠状病毒严重程度

Should you worry about the COVID-19？

The COVID-19 fatality rate(致死率) is lower than for SARS and MERS, but still comparable(相当) to the 1918 Spanish flu pandemic(大流行病). The fatality rate is likely to be lower due to an "iceberg" of milder cases we are yet to find.

新冠病毒死亡率低于SARS和MERS，但仍与1918年西班牙流感大流行相当。真实的病死率可能会更低，因为可能有大量较轻病例尚未发现。